Carpenter s square



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m Patented June M. P. PATERSON GARPENTERS SQUARE.

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GARPBNTER'S SQUARE.

No. 476,683'. Patented June '7, 1893.

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UNITED STATES PATENT UFFICE..

MARK P. PATERSON, OF NEV ROCHELLE, NEV YORK.

CARPENTERS SQUARE,

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 476,683, dated June '7,1892.

Application filed May 8, 1891i Serial No. 392,064 (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that i, MARK P. PATERSON, of New Rochelle, in the county oflVestchester and State of New York, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Carpenters Squares, of which the following isa full,clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to an improvement in carpenters squares; and it hasfor its object to so construct a square that one arm may be manipulatedin a manner to enable an operator to strike aright angle or an anglemore or less obtuse, as may be desired, and also to provide a meanswhereby, if desired, several slides containing scales may be located inan arm of the square for use whenever occasion may demand.

A further object of the invention is to so construct one of the slidesthat it may be removed from the arm of the square and used inconjunction with and adjustable upon both arms to form triangles, asrequired. The square has scales facilitating the calculation of thelength, pitch, or angle of rafters, and also to determine various otherdata in the way of measurements useful to carpenters in house-building.

The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of theseveral parts, as will be hereinafter fully set forth, and pointed outin the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification, in which similar figures and letters of referenceindicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the improved square, illustrating theobverse side thereof. Fig. 2 is a partial perspective view of thesquare, illustrating the side shown in Fig. 1, the scales, however,being omitted and the adjustment of the several parts being illustrated.Fig. 3 is a perspective view' of one of the slides removed from the armof the square. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 4 Li of Fig.l. Fig. 5 is a similar section taken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6is a like section taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a view ofthe square, illustrating it as used in conjunction with the slide shownin Fig. 3 to calculate or draw triangular forms. Fig. S is a transversesection taken on the line 8 8 of Fig. 7; and Fig. 9 is a perspectiveview of the square, illustrating the scale upon the reverse sidethereof.

The main arm A of the square-that is, the ,longer arm-is provided withan undercut longitudinal recess 10, having beveled upper walls, in whichrecess au upper slide 11, having beveled sides, and an inner slide 12are located. The upper slide is preferably of the same length as theinner slide, and the inner slide is provided at one end with alongitudinal slot 13. lVhen the slides are in position within the arm,they are secured therein, preferably through the medium of a screw 14,located at the angle of the square, and a screw 15, located at the outerend of the main arm A, the said screw 15 being made to pass through ablock 16, held to slide in the recess 10. rlhe block 16 is of athickness equal to the combined thickness of the two slides and isnormally located at the outer end of the arm Ain engagement with theends of said slides. Both screws 14 and 15 are Hush with the side facesof the square. The short arm B of the square is preferably made in twosections 17 and 18, one section being parallel with and supported by theother section. What may be called the upper section 17 is pivoted at itsinner end to the lower section by a screw a or its equivalent, and whenthe square is to be used as a right angle only a screw 19 or similardevice is employed to secure the two sections together at the upper endof the arm. The upper section is provided at or near its center with asegmental slot 20, through which a set-screw 21 passes into the lowersection. Thus if an angie is to be drawn other than a right angle thescrew 19 is removed and the upper section of the arm B is carried inwardor outward the requisite distance, as the character of the work maydemand. The screw 2l serves to clamp the sections 17 and 1S togetherwhen one is adjusted at an angle to the other, as shown by dotted lines,Fig. 1, and the slot 2O permits such lateral adjustment within therequired limits.

lVhen the square is to be used as a triangle, as shown in Figs. 7 and S,a binding-screw 22 IOO is employed, provided with a lock-nut 23. The

outer and inner slides 11 and 12 are removed and the block 16 is slid toany desired point in the length of therecess l0 in the long arin. Theinnerslide l2 is placedin engageinentwith both arms of the square, andthe binding-screw is screwed into the block to a bearing against thebottom wall of the recess lO, as shown in Fig. S, whereby the block maybe held stationary. The slide l2 may, however, be adjusted independentlyof the block as the binding-screw passes through its slot 13, the slidebeing held in a lixed position bythe iiianipulation of the lock-nut orwasher 23. The opposite end of the slide is preferably held inadjustable engagement with the short arm of the square by a cla-nip 24,of any appropriate construction. @ne form of such clamp controlled by aset-screw is shown in Fig. '7.

IVith reference to the scales, the side of the square shown in Fig. 9has produced thereon the ordinary scale Z), divided into quarters,twelfths, and sixteenths of an inch. In addition, this reverse side ofthe square contains upon its main arm a main-rafter table D and upon itsshorter arm a diagram d, giving the lengths, pitches, or angles, andalso top and bottom bevels of straight diagonal lines or rafters whoseruns or base-lines are twelve inches and whose rise is one inch toeighteen inches, inclusive. In connection with and forming a part of theiiiain-raftei table is a hip and valley table and a diagram (designatedas CZ) giving the length, pitches, or angles of straight diagonal lineswhose run or base is sixteen inches and ninetyseven hundredths of aninch, or the diagonal of a square whose sides are twelve inches andwhose rise is one inch to eighteen inches, inelusive.

Another table and diagram appears on the reverse side of the main arm,as shown in Fig. 9, which indicates the gain of main rafters. The scaleis accompanied by a diagram, and it illustrates the gain of a straightdiagonal line or lines whose run'or base is twelve inches and whose riseis one inch to eighteen inches, inclusive. In connection with andforming a portion of the above-inentioned scale and diagram is a scaleand diagram showing the gain of hip or valley rafters. This latter scaleshows the gain of a straight diagonal line or lines whose run or base issixteen inches and ninety-seven hundredths of an inch and whose rise isone inch to eighteen inches, inclusive. Next is a scale for the sidebevel of jack-rafters. This diagram shows the angles or side bevels (atintersection) of straight lines or rafters whose base is twelve inchesand whose rise is one inch to eighteen inches, inclusive, together withhip or valley rafters whose run or base is sixteen inches andninety-seven hundredths of an inch and whose rise is one inch toeighteen inches, inclusive. This diagram also shows the side bevels ofhip or valley rafters at their intersection whose run is sixteen inchesand ninety-seven hundredths of an inch and whose rise is one inch toeighteen inches, inclusive.

aveces At or near the junction of the arms, upon the side of the squareillustrated in Fig. 0, an octagon scale E is produced. The scale isaccompanied by a diagram showing the proportions of the sides of anOctagon to its dianie ter. This diagram also indicates the miter orbevel and also the seat or run of hip-rafters for Octagon roofs. Theobverse side of the square (shown in Fig. l) is divided into inches andtwelfths of an inch and scales of one inch, one-half inch, andone-quarter inch to a foot. It is also provided with a diagonal scalehaving its unit sixteen inches and ninety-seveii hundredths of an inch,or the diagonal of a square whose sides are one foot, respectively. Theupper face of the upper slide 1l is plain and its opposite side isdivided into one-inch, one-half-inch, and one-quarter-inch scales to thefoot. The slide 12 (shown in Fig. 3) is divided into scales of one inch,one-halt' inch, and one-quarter inch to the foot. It is also providedwith a scale of one inch divided into hundredths of an inch. The slide12 is used as a diagonal rule when placed in the position shown in Fig.7, and in this position the square is used to obtain the length of linesof rafters of any run or rise. Thus as a summary it may be mentionedthat among the main scales produced upon the square is a main-raftertable and diagram, a hip and valley rafter table and diagram, a tableand diagram sho'wing the gain of main rafters, a table and diagrainshowing the gain of hip and valley rafters, a diagram showing the sidebevel of jackrafters, a diagram showing the side bevel of hip and valleyrafters, and an Octagon scale and a diagonal scale.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patentl. A carpenters square having a removable slide mountedin one arm and connecting devices for securing the ends of the slide tothe respective arms of the square when removed, substantially as setforth.

2. In a carpenters square, the combination, with one arm thereofprovided with a longitudinal recess, of removable slides adapted to benormally located in said recess, one of the slides being provided with aslet at one end, and a block capable of sliding in said recess, the saidblock being provided with a set-screw, whereby it may be fixed at theend of the square, forming a barrier for the slides, or fixed at anypoint in the length of the recess when the slides are removed, as andfor the purpose set forth.

3. In a carpenters square, the combination, with the arms of the square,the longer arm of which is provided with a longitudinal recess, of ablock held to slide in the said recess, a rule provided with a slot atone end, the slotted end of the rule engaging with the block and theopposite end with the short arm of the square, an adjustingscrewconnecting the rule with the block, and a clamp, substantially IOC IIO

as shown and described, for adjustably connecting the rule With theshort arm of the square, as and for the purpose specified.

ai. The combination, with a, carpenters square, of an auxiliary section17, lying upon the short arm of the square and having its edges ush withthe edges thereof, a pivot extending through the inner end of seidsection at its longitudinal center into the said short arm, as shown ata, to permit the said section to be swung in either direction pest thelongitudinal edges of thesaid short arm, the said auxiliary sectionhaving e transverse slot through it between its ends, and it Set-screw

